The Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research
The Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research (JTAR) ISSN(Print): 1556-5106, ISSN(Online): 3069-1028, is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to the advancement of accounting theory. Since its establishment in 2005, JTAR has served as a scholarly platform for rigorous and innovative research that deepens the understanding of accounting concepts, frameworks, and their implications across economic, regulatory, and organizational environments. JTAR emphasizes high-quality theoretical contributions that challenge conventional perspectives and stimulate critical discourse. The journal covers a wide range of topics including financial and managerial accounting, auditing, accounting ethics, corporate governance, sustainability accounting, and interdisciplinary approaches that intersect with economics, sociology, law, and information systems. Published biannually, JTAR maintains a strict double-blind peer review process to ensure the integrity, relevance, and academic quality of all published work. As an open-access journal, all articles are freely and permanently accessible to a global readership, promoting inclusive and unrestricted knowledge sharing. With a diverse international editorial board and a strong commitment to ethical publishing standards, JTAR is a vital resource for researchers, educators, practitioners, and policymakers who seek to engage with the theoretical foundations and evolving directions of accounting thought.
Integrating Carbon Disclosure into Accounting Theory: Evidence from Global Emissions and Financial Indicators of SAARC nations.
This study has been done to analyse the integration of carbon disclosure with accounting theory by determining the relationship between financial and environmental factors across six SAARC nations (Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Pakistan). The study aim to analyse the effect of carbon emissions, renewable energy consumption, financial development on gross savings as a measure of macroeconomic resilience. Random Effect model was selected on the basis of Hausman specification test for the panel data analysis. The results of this study support the sustainability-saving nexus for SAARC nations. This study suggest policymakers and financial institutions to pave the way for providing better investment opportunities for sustainable practices both at corporate and national levels. Hence, by doing so, Sustainable Development Goal 13 (climate action) can be supported.
Panel Data, Fixed Effects, Random Effects, Carbon Emissions, Financial Development, Gross Savings, SAARC.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kaifi Azam, Syed Mohd Shahzeb (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analyzing Revenue Performance Of Municipal Corporations In India
Municipal corporations constitute the third tier of government and increasing urbanisation has led to a massive demand for urban infrastructure which in turn underlines the need for adequate revenue provisioning. The paper has focused on the revenue performance employing two ratios viz ratio of own revenues to revenue receipts and, own revenues to revenue expenditure which reflect the revenue raising ability, fiscal autonomy and ability to support current expenditure for the time period 2019-20 to 202-23. The results indicate that on an average municipal corporations are able to raise and finance only 53-54 percent of their revenue requirements and hence there is a significant reliance on funds from the State and central government. The results of clustering analysis reiterates the findings on spatial effects.
municipal finances, revenue performance, spatial dependence, clustering, club convergence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Swati Raju (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of Ethical and Scalable AI for the Sustainable Development Goals: A Qualitative Framework from the Global South
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is poised to aid in implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) where developmental challenges are most evident. Yet the ethical, logistical, and governance challenges of applying AI in these settings remain underexplored. This research examines the factors that enable the scalable and ethically responsible deployment of AI in education, healthcare, and clean energy, contributing to SDG achievement. It also examines the changing nature of accountability, assurance and transparency in the sustainability reporting systems with the adoption of AI. Data collection was based on inductive exploratory design whereby semi-structured interviews were conducted on 37 actors (AI developers, policymakers, and community representatives) in five countries (India, Kenya, Bangladesh, Ghana and the Philippines). Thematic analysis identified four major themes influencing AI adoption: ethical concerns (e.g., bias, transparency), adoption barriers (e.g., infrastructure gaps, digital illiteracy), success enablers (e.g., institutional capacity, community involvement), and governance bottlenecks (e.g., lack of oversight, policy fragmentation). The findings, interpreted through accountability and assurance theory, show how ethical design, institutional readiness, and governance quality jointly determine the reliability and legitimacy of AI-driven sustainability data. Based on these insights, the paper develops a conceptual model for context-sensitive and ethically sound AI systems. The framework serves as a diagnostic and prescriptive tool for inclusive policy design, stakeholder engagement, and capacity-building. By extending accounting theory into the digital domain, it conceptualizes AI as both a technological and ethical actor within sustainability accounting systems, reinforcing transparency, comparability, and stakeholder trust.
Artificial Intelligence; Sustainable Development Goals; Accountability; Assurance; Ethics; Sustainability Accounting, Policy Framework
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Diwakar Chaudhary, Dr. Rashi Bhati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Accounting Information in Economic Decision-Making: A Market-Based Theoretical Perspective
ccounting information is a central determinant of economic decision-making that guides investor choice, capital resource allocation, and market efficiency. This article is an integrative market-based theoretical framework that synthesizes concepts from agency theory, signaling theory, and information economics to address how accounting information shapes economic outcomes. The methodology uses conceptual synthesis through secondary sources in top-impact journals. The findings indicate that accounting information plays multifaceted roles such as mitigating information asymmetry, improving governance, and enabling correct valuation. Tables and models present the differential application of accounting information by investors, creditors, and managers, and its fit with decision theory. The evidence also highlights the mediating influence of institutional variables like audit quality and regulatory requirements. This theoretical model improves insight into accounting's effect on firm-level and macroeconomic choices. The findings provide implications for practice, policy, and future research in a fast-changing financial reporting landscape.
Accounting Information, Economic Decision-Making, Market-Based Theory, Financial Reporting, Information Asymmetry
Copyright (c) 2025 Jitendra Kumar Chaurasiya, Ms. Haritha Girish, Pooja Kapoor, Dr. Mohammad Abdul Saleem, Monika Mittal, Dr. Manjula Khulbe (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluating Intention-Linked Post-M&A Performance of the Indian Banks: Effect of Indian Regulatory Developments
The banking sector is rapidly consolidating, yet the motivating intentions and performance impacts of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) remain unclear, which the present study examines in the context of Indian banking sector from 2015 to 2019. Using a one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test, this research identifies multiple intentions for M&As, including synergy realization, efficiency-seeking, enhancing size to become globally competitive, improving NPAs and risk management, meeting the economy's funding needs, increasing the bank's revenue, market-seeking, offering quality products and services, and enhancing technological resources. This study presents a method for analyzing the thoughts of banking personnel to examine the intentions driving banking M&As. It emphasizes that the banking sector has unique intentions distinct from those of other organizations in different industries. This study contributes to accounting theory and corporate governance by integrating regulatory developments like (Ind AS) Indian Accounting Standards and the norms of the India (RBI) Reserve Bank of into an intention-linked performance evaluation model to evaluate Post-M&A performance of merged banks. It develops a framework connecting M&A intentions: to increase the bank's revenue, meet the economy's funding needs, enhance the size to become globally competitive, and exercise better NPA and risk management, to Post-M&A performance metrics: credit availability, profitability, asset size, and Gross NPAs. A paired sample t-test reveals that the M&As have an insignificant impact on these metrics of the merged banks three years following the M&A, nevertheless, regulatory developments may play a significant role. The study offers implications for accounting standards, auditors, and governance codes.
Mergers and Acquisitions, questionnaire survey, Intention-linked Post-M&A performance evaluation, Regulatory norms, Mergers and Acquisitions intentions, Indian accounting standards, Indian banking sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gurkirandeep Kaur, Dr. Rakesh Kumar Sharma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Fusion of Climate and Cost: Effects of Climate and Price Index on Accounting-Based Performance Measurement
This study advanced the understanding of managerial accounting performance indicators by analyzing the joint impact of climatic variations and price indices on Spanish hotels. This analysis used a nonlinear regression framework with tensor product smooth functions to capture dynamic interactions between temperature, rainfall, and pricing decisions based on accounting frameworks. The focus of the study was to determine how these interactions affect accounting-based performance measurement across different hotel categories, from one-star to five-star. This study reveals significant nonlinear effects of climatic variables on accounting performance and observes that managerial accounting performance indicators are contingent on pricing strategies and hotel categories. Luxury hotels exhibit higher variability in fluctuations, whereas budget hotels are less affected due to their inelastic demand, influencing accounting performance metrics. Therefore, this study extended the cost management theory by integrating the accounting performance of the hospitality sector on account of the fusion of climate variability and prices across different hotel categories. This study contributes to accounting frameworks and cost management theory by linking climate and pricing effects to decision-making in accounting. The findings provide implications for accounting thought and performance measurement in sustainability contexts.
Managerial Accounting, Cost Behavior, Performance Measurement, Accounting Theory, Sustainability Accounting
Copyright (c) 2025 Upasana Mitra, Deepanwita Datta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Efficacy Of Agricultural Loans On Crop Productivity: A Sustainability Accounting Perspective From Indian Small And Marginal Farmers
The global population continues to rise, while agricultural productivity has not kept pace. Ensuring food security requires higher production supported by access to quality seeds, fertilizers, irrigation, and modern technology all dependent on adequate credit. This study examines the impact of farm loans on the crop productivity of small and marginal farmers in Telangana State, India, and tests the moderating effect of technology adoption. Beyond its economic focus, the research conceptualizes agricultural loans as financial mechanisms that enhance accountability, sustainable performance, and efficient resource use within a sustainability accounting framework. Data were collected using a convenience sampling method from selected districts of Telangana. Instrument validity and reliability were confirmed through pilot testing, Cronbach’s alpha, and sample adequacy tests (KMO and Bartlett). The proposed model was validated through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Smart PLS. Findings reveal that agricultural loans significantly improve crop productivity, while technology adoption strengthens this effect. The integration of financial access and technology promotes sustainable and accountable agricultural outcomes. The study provides insights for policymakers to design credit systems aligned with farmers’ needs and promote responsible resource utilization through technological support. The research is limited to selected districts in Telangana State.
Accountability framework, agricultural loans, crop productivity, farmer income, marginal farmers, sustainability accounting, Telangana
Copyright (c) 2025 Bandarupally Ravi, Dr. Giridhari Mohanta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study on Ethical Implications, Trust, and Audit Reliability in AI Assisted Accounting: An Extended UTAUT Perspective in Emerging Economies
Purpose: This paper examines how ethical perception and trust shape the adoption and reliability of artificial intelligence systems in accounting and auditing, particularly within emerging economies. It extends the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to incorporate ethical and trust-based dimensions that influence professional acceptance beyond functional factors. Design/methodology/approach: A conceptual framework is proposed by integrating ethical perception and trust into the traditional UTAUT model. The framework highlights their moderating and mediating roles in linking performance expectancy, behavioural intention, and audit reliability. Insights from existing literature and theoretical reasoning support the development of this extended model. Findings: The study argues that AI adoption in professional accounting contexts is both a technological and moral process. Ethical perception strengthens trust, and together they enhance responsible adoption, critical engagement, and audit reliability. The framework positions moral legitimacy and institutional trust as essential conditions for sustainable AI integration. Practical implications: For practitioners and audit firms, embedding ethical design principles, algorithmic transparency, and human oversight in AI systems can foster greater trust and accountability. For regulators, establishing AI audit assurance frameworks and updating ethical codes can help manage risks associated with automation in professional judgment. Social implications: The framework emphasises the need for ethical governance and professional readiness in emerging economies, where rapid technological adoption can outpace institutional safeguards. Promoting ethical AI awareness can strengthen confidence in technology and enhance the integrity of financial reporting. Originality/value: This paper contributes to technology adoption literature by reconceptualising AI use in accounting as an ethically anchored process. It shifts the discussion from efficiency and usability to accountability, transparency, and professional trust, offering a foundation for future empirical studies in emerging markets.
Artificial Intelligence in Accounting, Ethical Perception, Trust in AI, Audit Reliability, Technology Adoption (UTAUT Model)
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr Vineeta Mishra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Linking Governance Quality to Financial Sustainability: Insights from Corporate Finance and Accounting Research
This study examines the relationship between governance quality and financial sustainability by integrating insights from corporate finance and accounting research. Using a panel dataset of publicly listed firms, the results show that stronger governance frameworks enhance financial performance, with a one-point increase in the governance index resulting in a 0.42-point rise in Return on Assets, a 0.55-point increase in Return on Equity, and a 0.36-point improvement in Tobin’s Q ratio. The results also indicate that accounting quality partially mediates this relationship (β = 0.18, p < 0.05), improving reporting transparency and investor confidence. Additionally, firms in highly regulated sectors exhibit superior governance practices and achieve better sustainability outcomes compared to less regulated industries.
Corporate Governance, Financial Sustainability, Accounting Quality, Structural Equation Modeling, Organizational Performance
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Manoj P. K., Advocate Varun Goel, Raja Ghosh, Dr. Maanish Chava, Dr. Amit Kansal, Dr. Priyanka Bhatt, Er Ankita Mongia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sectoral Analysis Of Key Sectors Of Indian Markets Using Discounted Cashflow Valuations
This study looks into the use and application of the discounted cash flow (DCF) method for valuing firms across various industries. When valuing a company using the DCF method, future cash flows are predicted and a risk-adjusted discount rate is applied to estimate intrinsic value. However, the effectiveness of this method is highly dependent on the industry in question. The study analyzes DCF valuations and market price comparisons across sectors including Banking and Financial Services, Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals, Information Technology, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGs), and Automobiles. It is also worth mentioning that Healthcare and especially the IT industry are sectors with stable revenues and, thus, more predictable cash flows. In contrast, the FMCG and Automobile industries contain more intangible assets and exhibit more volatile cash flows on a cyclical basis. The Financial Services industry also has cash flow volatility due to direct dependence on regulatory and economic cycles. The primary conclusion of such studies published is that while DCF can capture value, the precision with which they do so is industry specific and in certain industries, a multi-model approach including other models will be necessary to capture the value of the firm.
Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), Intrinsic Valuation, Sectoral Analysis, Valuation Accuracy, Sensitivity Analysis
Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Amit Bathia, Mr. Rushil Jhaveri, Ms. Sakhi Baid, Ms. Drishti Bist, Ms. Gauri Shelke (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Analysis of Global versus Indian IPO Markets Through Top 10 IPOs since liberalisation and globalisation of Indian Economy
A key mechanism in the financial markets, initial public offerings (IPOs) let private businesses raise money by first-time public share sales. Between private ownership and public trading, IPOs act as a link allowing companies to thrive, innovate, and expand economically. Reflecting more general economic trends, regulatory changes, investor attitude, and technological developments, worldwide IPO markets have changed dramatically throughout the years. Still, regional performance, legal environment, and investor behaviour in IPO markets vary. Examining their dynamics, problems, and possibilities, this research seeks to offer a comparison of the worldwide and Indian IPO markets. Policymakers, investors, financial analysts, and business decision-makers among other broad groups of stakeholders depend on an awareness of IPO markets. By channelling capital to high-potential businesses, therefore promoting innovation and job creation, a well-functioning IPO market can dramatically affect economic growth. By offering a thorough comparative analysis of worldwide and Indian IPO markets, the results of this study will add to the body of knowledge already in use and highlight important elements like macroeconomic conditions, investor attitude, regulatory frameworks, and post-IPO success. Especially in developing nations like India, the study seeks to offer insightful analysis of possible legislative changes, investment strategies, and best practices that can increase market efficiency. This paper aims to provide practical suggestions based on analysing the subtleties of IPO markets across various economic settings, therefore strengthening and sustaining capital markets.
Initial Public Offerings (IPOs); Capital Markets; Economic Growth; Regulatory Framework; Market Efficiency; Global IPO Trends; Indian IPO Market; Post-IPO Performance; Comparative Analysis; Emerging Markets
Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Amit Bathia, Dr. Malcolm Homavazir, Prof. Hardik Pathak (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Green Banking and the Shift in Environmental Accountability: A FinTech-Accounting Integration
Financial sector digital transformation has supported the emergence of green banking by combining environmental concerns with sustainability-focused financial operations. Management accounting, more accountable for environmental cost monitoring and performance assessment, offers a critical platform for internal accountability. This study aims to investigate how digital green banking practices enabled by FinTech tools can be integrated into management accounting systems to enhance environmental accountability. A mixed-methods design was used, which integrated quantitative surveys of 200 respondents with qualitative interviews and secondary analysis of data. Findings show that adoption of FinTech enhances the accuracy of environmental costs, reporting timeliness, and budgeting for sustainability, with statistical testing yielding statistically significant associations. Case-based evidence reveals diverse uses across commercial, development, and cooperative banks, with quantifiable gains in accountability and efficiency. Evidence indicates that integrating digital green banking transforms the function of management accounting, promoting it as a key enabler for the integration of sustainability into strategic decision-making.
Digital Green Banking, Management Accounting, Environmental Accountability, FinTech Integration, Sustainability Performance
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Manoj P. K., Advocate Varun Goel, Radhika Sandhad, Ankita Mongia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of HR Analytics in Enhancing Organizational Agility: A Theoretical Exploration and Empirical Evidence
Organizational agility has become a critical capability for sustaining competitiveness in rapidly changing environments. This study explores the role of human resource analytics in enhancing agility by theorizing how data-driven insights transform human resource practices into strategic enablers of adaptability. Drawing on dynamic capabilities theory, the resource-based view, and strategic human resource management perspectives, the research develops a conceptual model that positions human resource analytics at the core of sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring processes. A conceptual and theory-building design was adopted rather than an empirical approach, integrating insights from prior scholarship to construct a refined framework. The results reveal that human resource analytics strengthens sensing capability by predicting workforce shifts, improves seizing capability through evidence-based decision-making, and enhances reconfiguring capability by supporting flexible redeployment and continuous reskilling. The framework further identifies leadership support and ethical governance as critical moderators that shape the extent of these relationships. Five theoretically grounded propositions summarize these linkages and provide a roadmap for empirical validation. The study contributes by repositioning human resource analytics from an operational tool to a strategic capability, highlighting the importance of contextual enablers, and offering guidance for both scholars and practitioners seeking to advance organizational adaptability in dynamic environments.
Human Resource Analytics, Organizational Agility, Dynamic Capabilities, Strategic Human Resource Management, Ethical Governance, Workforce Reskilling
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Mayank Mathur, Praveendas K, Dr. Abhilasha Sharma, Surya Kant Sharma, Sunita Mehta, Dr. Sayak Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence Of Financial Literacy On Managerial Efficiency And Business Outcome
The current volatile economic environment needs more than just intuition and experience to navigate through successfully; a solid diet of financial literacy is needed to give strategic direction and provide enterprise sustenance. This paper examines the role of financial literacy in determining the effectiveness of management and consequently the business performance among the small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). Financial literacy is proposed according to a resource-based theoretical framework as an adaptive skill, which enhances efficiency of decision-making and operations. Cross sectional survey design was used to obtain data of 379 SME owners and senior managers representing multi-industrial sector companies. The direct and mediated correlation of financial literacy, managerial efficiency, and business outcomes was evaluated through the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the utilization of AMOS. The measurement model had good fit statistics (RMSEA = 0.045; CFI = 0.958; TLI = 0.944) and thus shows that the hypothesized structure is valid. The findings indicated that financial literacy boosted the efficiency of managers (b = 0.61, p < 0.001) that exerted a favorable impact on business performance (b = 0.53, p < 0.001). Whereas the direct relation, between financial literacy and performance, was also significant (p < 0.05, 0.27), the indirect effect, via efficacy at managerial performance, was stronger. These discoveries further validate financial literacy as a strategic capability needed to effectively practice as a manager and continuously achieve balance enterprise success goals. The study recommends the integration of formal and full financial education programs in SME development programs and the need of future follow-up and technologically oriented studies to enhance the existing knowledge of financial capability in dynamic business world.
Financial Literacy, Managerial Efficiency, Business Outcome, SMEs, Structural Equation Modeling, Decision-Making Capability
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Surendar Gade, Dr. Gauri Modwel, Dr. Rajesh Kumar, Jivanjot Singh, Dr Priyanka Bhatt (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Advanced Variance Analysis Of Functions Containing Quotients: Avoiding Information Loss From Treating Ratios As A Single Variable
Variance analysis calculations are commonly performed on a two-variable product. In cases of the original function being a three-variable quotient, often the first step is to divide one variable in the numerator by another variable in the denominator, resulting in one new, aggregate variable replacing the original two. Such reduction to a two-variable function leads to a loss of information. This article presents models designed to avoid the aggregation of variables, to be used with only original variables. The models incorporate the concept of responsibility centers, allowing for a more appropriate set of variance analysis calculations for the firm.
Copyright (c) 2025 Craig Sorochuk (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Technological and Financial Inclusion among Rural and Marginalized Entrepreneurs: Evidence from Tamil Nadu, India.
This study investigates the structural and systemic barriers constraining entrepreneurship in Tamil Nadu, with a particular focus on rural and semi-urban regions where inclusion remains limited. Employing a convergent mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative survey data from 350 entrepreneurs with qualitative insights derived from interviews and focus group discussions. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, regression, ANOVA, and t-tests, were used to evaluate disparities in infrastructure, access to formal credit, digital adoption, and participation in government initiatives. The findings reveal substantial regional inequalities, with rural entrepreneurs experiencing pronounced challenges related to energy supply, road connectivity, financial accessibility, and technological engagement. Participants in government programs such as the Start-up Village Entrepreneurship Programme (SVEP) demonstrated comparatively stronger business performance, although program outreach and implementation remain inconsistent. The study underscores the necessity for region-specific, digitally inclusive, and gender-responsive policy reforms. Addressing these persistent disparities is essential to fostering an equitable, accountable, and sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Rural entrepreneurship; financial inclusion; digital divide; women entrepreneurs; public policy
Copyright (c) 2025 B. Dhana Lakshmi, Gajavelli Venkateshwara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact Of International Financial Reporting Standards On Accounting Professionals And Stake Holders
This study appearances at how Indian businesses are pretentious with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) which had been officially announced by Ministry of Corporate Affairs of India on 1st April, 2012 for global expansion but, IFRS regime had been started to implementation in phased manner during from 2015 to 2017 and implemented successfully in India in fourth phases. Global market expansion is beneficial from an economic standpoint because it encourages the expansion of the nation's foreign trade. In order to adhere to a set of universally accepted standards, actually, the Indian Accounting Standards that have been converged with IFRS. The present study has employed the quantitative research methodology in order to achieve its objectives. Since the goal was to examine the IFRS regime in India to identify the IFRS operation that impact on accounting professionals and stake-holders. This study also highlights the findings with reference to the analytical results.
IFRS, Companies Act, Accounting Standards, Economic Growth and Global Market.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Balaji Bhovi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategic Project Management in Indian Construction Industry Based on Genetic Algorithms: A Comparative Study with Current Methods
India has experienced familiar problems in the construction industry including delays in project completion, cost escalation and poor utilization of resources, which may be considered to be failures in managerial accounting control systems including budgeting, standard costing and variance analysis. The paper redefines these problems in the context of accounting and governance and proposes the implementation of the Genetic Algorithms (GAs) technology as a new method of optimizing projects and accounting practices. Based on the information of the large-scale infrastructure projects a GA-based model was created to balance the scheduling, costs, and allocation of resources and the results are used as a standard of costs and resources benchmarks to analyze the variance. When compared with traditional approaches to CPM, PERT, and LP, it can be revealed that the GA optimization lowers adverse cost and time variances significantly, increases efficiency ratio, and improves the overall control of the project. Other implications on financial accounting based on the findings include the acceleration of recognition of work-in-progress, timing of revenue, and decreasing overrun provisioning by using GA-based schedules. In managerial accounting, GA introduces a new standard-setting mechanism for budgeting and performance evaluation. From an assurance perspective, GA offers auditability and governance measures aligned with auditing standards for accounting estimates, while addressing ethical and governance concerns related to over-optimization and the management of algorithmic decision systems. Extensions into sustainability accounting demonstrate how incorporating ESG factors into GA fitness functions enables organizations to evaluate cost-carbon trade-offs, supporting integrated reporting. This study contributes to the existing literature by showing that GA optimization links project management with accounting theory and practice, helping to reform variance analysis, assurance frameworks, governance structures, and sustainability reporting in project-based industries. Further research is necessary to explore GA applications in ESG assurance and the behavioral aspects of managerial acceptance of algorithmic benchmarks.
Genetic Algorithm, Project Management, Construction Sector, Optimization, Scheduling, Cost Overruns, Resource Allocation, India, Artificial Intelligence, Comparative Analysis
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahul Vasant Vaidya, Alok Kumar Singh, Ashwini Khemchand Patil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Predictors of Work Meaningfulness and their Implications for the Banking Sector
This research explores the higher and lower-order determinants of Work Meaningfulness of employees in the banking industry in Punjab, India, and discusses their implications for banks. With a sample population of 600 banking professionals, the study utilized the Work and Meaning Inventory, Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), and Workplace Stressors Assessment Questionnaire to quantify the major variables. Psychological capital, Organizational support perceived, and Perceived work stress were treated as independent variables, while Work Meaningfulness was the dependent variable. Discriminant analysis indicated that Psychological Capital, Specifically Self-efficacy, Hope, Resilience, and Optimism, along with Perceived Organizational Support are stronger predictors of work meaningfulness than work stress dimensions such as Demands, Control, Support, Role, Relationships, and Rewards which are the lower predictors. These results point out that the development of psychological resources and organizational support system not only enhances work meaningfulness and employee well-being but also strengthens ethical judgment, reporting accuracy, and adherence to governance standards. On the other hand, unmanaged stressors and undefined roles enhance reporting errors, increase the risk of biased financial choices and decrease work meaningfulness. Enhancing self-efficacy, hopefulness, optimism and resilience training, role clarification, and fair rewards Fosters work meaningfulness which is necessity to ensure financial stability, transparency, and accountability in the banking industry.
Work Meaningfulness, Perceived Work Stress, Psychological Capital, Predictors, Perceived Organizational Support
Copyright (c) 2025 Nidhi, Raminderpal Singh, Kiranjeet Kaur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Crisis Management and Business Continuity: Lessons from Global Disruptions
Crisis management (CM) and business continuity (BC) strategies are vital in ensuring organizational performance and consumer confidence due to the global shocks like a pandemic and supply chain collapse. This paper discusses the effect of crisis communication transparency in consumer trust and purchasing intention in such disruptions, and the moderating effect of digital engagement in the association. The quantitative data were obtained through a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design (MM). That is, a survey of 300 consumers was conducted, supplemented with a qualitative analysis of 15 industry executives. The measurement model was validated via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; excellent fit, Comparative Fit Index, CFI = 0.95; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA = 0.047), whereas structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that transparency has a positive effect on consumer trust (beta, 0.68, p < 0.001), which is very strongly related to purchase intention (beta, 0.74, p < 0.001). There was indeed strong moderation of the transparency trust relationship (interaction 0.27, p = 0.008) and this increased trust formation. The model has a variance of 65 percent in consumer trust and 69 percent in purchase intention. Transparent communication, leadership agility, and strategic digital engagement stood out in qualitative findings as a requisite to a good crisis response and business continuity. These findings highlight the importance of clear crisis communication, which is enabled by vigorous digital interaction, to generate consumer trust and maintain purchase interest, thus increasing organizational resilience in the case of global disturbances.
Crisis Management, Business Continuity, Consumer Trust, Digital Engagement, Purchase Intention
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Debadatta Das, Dr. Anviti Rawat, Dr. Rahul. M Bhandari, Shivam Agarwal, Dr.A.Jagdish Mohan Rao, Dr. Sreeja K, Advocate Varun Goel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Financial Implications of E-Commerce Adoption: A Theoretical Perspective on Digital Business Models
The rapid expansion of e-commerce has transformed traditional business paradigms, compelling firms to adopt digital business models that align with evolving consumer expectations and technological advancements. Despite the strategic shift, there remains a limited theoretical understanding of the financial implications associated with e-commerce adoption. The study addresses this gap by developing a conceptual framework that maps the components of digital business models to key financial performance variables. A qualitative, theory-building approach was employed, grounded in a systematic thematic analysis of peer-reviewed literature spanning strategic management, digital transformation, and information systems. Business model elements such as value proposition, revenue model, cost structure, and customer interface were analyzed about financial indicators, including revenue growth, capital expenditure, and cost efficiency. The findings revealed five dominant themes: value proposition clarity, cost structure transformation, revenue stream innovation, scalability through network effects, and customer trust. Platform-based and subscription-based models were most prominent in the literature, demonstrating strong alignment with scalable revenue streams and long-term financial sustainability. The study also established clear theoretical linkages between strategic model design and financial outcomes. The research offers practical implications for managers and policymakers by informing model selection, investment planning, and digital strategy formulation. It concludes by recommending empirical validation of the framework and calls for future research incorporating dynamic financial metrics across industries and geographies.
E-commerce adoption, Digital business models, Financial performance, Platform strategy, Value creation
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Manoj P. K, Diksha Chaturvedi, Mr. Sony Varghese, Jitendra Kumar Chaurasiya, Dr. Shwetam Gupta, Raj Kumar Singh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Evolution of Fair Value Accounting and Its Impact on Financial Reporting Transparency: A Theoretical Review
This review examines the conceptual developments and the larger framework's useful implications of fair value accounting of transparency of reporting on finances. Based on a large amount of theoretical and empirical literature, the review explores the principles underlying fair value assessment and compares it with historical cost accounting, and discusses its applicability in the context of agency theory, theory of decision-usefulness, and the efficient market hypothesis. The evolution of fair value accounting is traced back to the early paradigms, to the major regulatory developments, such as international standard-setting efforts, and the reaction to the world financial crisis. The review also assesses its acceptance in the public and private spheres, with the emphasis on the contribution of international frameworks like the “International Financial Reporting Standards” and the “International Public Sector Accounting Standards”. The main points that have been discussed are the advantages of greater relevance, comparability, and timeliness of financial reports and the problems of estimation uncertainty, auditability, and creative accounting. Also, the paper examines how governance, legal systems, and digital technologies, like blockchain, artificial intelligence, and sustainability reporting, affect the use of fair value accounting. This review ends with a synthesis of research gaps and suggests future directions that require more behavioral, cross-national, and normative research that places fair value accounting as an essential area of future academic and policy debate.
Fair value accounting, Financial reporting, Transparency, Accounting theory, Digital transformation, Standard-setting
Copyright (c) 2025 Praveendas K, Kaustubh Sharma, Ritu Alawa, Hemant Mandloi, Lalhunthara, Dr. CA Mohit Bahal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Leadership Practices In Global Military Forces: Insights For Governance And Technological Adaptation In Defense Organizations
This research examines digital leadership practices in global military forces and explores their implications for governance and technological adaptation in defense organizations. Focusing on the United States Military, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), and the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), the study employs a comparative case study approach to analyze similarities, differences, and challenges in the adoption of digital leadership strategies. Findings reveal that effective digital leadership enhances operational decision-making, strengthens the integration of advanced technologies, and supports improved control of information flows and resource utilization. However, challenges remain in balancing traditional leadership with emerging digital practices, integrating new technologies with legacy systems, and addressing ethical concerns. Based on these insights, the study provides lessons and recommendations for the Indian Army to enhance its digital leadership capacity while ensuring robust governance of technological transformation. These results contribute to the broader understanding of how digital leadership and governance frameworks can intersect in complex defense environments.
Digital Leadership, Governance, Military Digital Transformation, Information Systems, US Military, PLA, IDF, Indian Army
Copyright (c) 2025 Ravi Patil, Dr. Aarti Chopra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Does Corporate Information Impact the Sentiments of Investors and Corporate Growth? Evidence from the M&A event on the Cement Industry in India.
Sustainable corporate growth is a vital goal in today’s competitive business environment, especially in sectors like cement manufacturing, where strong domestic and international competitors drive market forces. To expand strategically and improve operational efficiency, companies increasingly turn to mergers and acquisitions (M&As) as an inorganic way to generate synergies, lessen market competition, gain technical expertise, and better utilise resources. This study aims to assess how M&A transactions influence both investor sentiment and the financial growth of acquiring firms within the Indian cement industry. Using a dual approach comprising financial ratio analysis (Current Ratio, Liquid Ratio, Net Profit Ratio, Gross Profit Ratio, RoNW, RoCE, EPS, DPS, Debt-Equity Ratio, and Interest Coverage Ratio) and an event study method, this research investigates a selection of cement companies listed on Indian stock exchanges, chosen based on market capitalisation. Secondary data were gathered from reliable sources, including the National Stock Exchange (NSE), Money Control, Yahoo Finance, and published annual reports. The event study employs an estimation window of 250 trading days, from 281 to 31 days before the M&A announcement, along with an event window of ±30 days around the announcement date to capture stock market reactions. The statistical significance of abnormal returns (AR) is tested using t-values at a 95% confidence level. Operational efficiency is measured with ratio analysis considering 5 years (two years pre-merger, the year of merger, and two years post-merger). Results show that most of the AR are positive in all the companies under study, and the AR of Ambuja post-merger is statistically significantly positive (AR > 1.96), and the same is the case for ACC cement. Though the ARs of Dalmia Bharat and Jay Prakash are not statistically significant, but positive. Additionally, ratio analysis shows that the liquidity, profitability, and solvency position of all the companies under study are found to have been improved post-merger as compared to pre-merger. The authors concluded that investors are more sensitive to the mergers and acquisitions event, and M&A creates value for the shareholders and for the company as well. Beyond empirical evidence, this study contributes to accounting theory by demonstrating how corporate disclosures in M&A events influence investor sentiment, supporting signaling theory, and extending the understanding of how market responses are shaped by accounting information. These insights enrich theoretical debates on the role of disclosure in shareholder value creation.
Investors, M&A, Cement Sector, Deal Structure, Value Creation, Event Study, Ratio Analysis
Copyright (c) 2025 Trilochan Jena, Pradipta Kumar Sanyal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Meta-Analysis of Behavioural Biases Influencing Investment Decisions of Financially Literate Investors
Objective: The study aims to investigate the key cognitive and emotional biases influencing the investment decisions of financially literate investors. It focuses on major cognitive biases like overconfidence, anchoring, availability heuristics, representativeness, and confirmation bias, alongside emotional biases such as the endowment effect, regret aversion, loss aversion, FOMO (fear of missing out), and herd behavior. Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analysis were conducted using peer-reviewed academic articles. Effect sizes were calculated to determine the magnitude of the biases, while heterogeneity across studies was analyzed using the I² statistic. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Results: The meta-analysis revealed moderate effect sizes for both cognitive (0.37) and emotional (0.39) biases. Overconfidence, herd behavior and biases stemming from the influence of technological factors were found to be dominant biases. The heterogeneity was moderate, with I² values of 62% for cognitive biases and 58% for emotional biases. No significant publication bias was detected, and sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the results. Conclusion: Financial literacy does not shield investors from cognitive and emotional biases, as even knowledgeable investors fall prey to these influences. The study highlights the need for strategies to reduce these biases to improve investment performance.
Behavioural finance, W Funded and investment literacy, Meta-Analysis of Cognitive and Emotional Biases, Investment decision.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Modeling Market Sentiment and Stock Price Dynamics: Evidence from Paytm Post-IPO Trading
This research paper investigates the correlation between public sentiment on social media and the stock price of Paytm from February 1 to February 16, 2024. By employing sentiment analysis, the study aims to explore how public opinion, expressed through platforms like Twitter, affects Paytm's stock price movements. We gathered a dataset of relevant tweets and used natural language processing (NLP) to categorize the sentiments expressed as positive, negative, or neutral. At the same time, we analyzed Paytm's stock price data from the same period to explore any meaningful connections between the sentiments and stock performance. The results could provide valuable insights for investors, stakeholders, and companies aiming to better understand how public sentiment influences market behavior.
Public Sentiment, Stock Price Reaction, Sentiment Analysis, Paytm, Behavioral Finance, Investor Behavior, Stock Market Volatility, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Social Media Analytics, Post-IPO Analysis, Financial Markets
Robotic Process Automation: A Disruptive Technology for Operational Excellence in Banking Industry
The banking sector has experienced significant growth, driven by technological advancements that provide faster, more secure, and reliable services. As competition intensifies, particularly with the rise of virtual banking, banks are focusing on enhancing user experiences, improving efficiency, reducing costs, and optimizing back-office operations. This paper explores the transformative potential of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in banking, covering its applications from customer service and account management to risk assessment and compliance. It highlights the evolution from traditional RPA to Cognitive Automation, where technologies like AI, ML, and NLP enhance automation capabilities. By automating complex tasks such as data analysis and decision-making, Cognitive Automation improves accuracy and innovation. The study also addresses the practical implications of RPA, including data governance, ethical AI practices, and workforce upskilling, offering valuable insights for banking professionals and policymakers navigating digital transformation in finance.
Robotic Process Automation, RPA, banking sector, operational excellence, efficiency, automation, digital transformation.